Tennis Strokes: Master the Forehand, Backhand, Volley, and More

If you're just picking up a racket for a tennis game, mastering the different types of tennis strokes is key to becoming a confident and competitive player. 

Tennis is a dynamic sport that combines power, precision, and strategy. Each stroke plays a unique role in a player’s game. This time, we’ll break down 10 essential tennis strokes, explore the phases of hitting. If you are considering playing tennis for beginners, these 10 types of tennis strokes are important to master, especially for beginners. Here are the breakdown:

Forehand Stroke

The tennis forehand is the most commonly used stroke in tennis. It's typically performed with the player's dominant hand, swinging across their body. It is hit on your dominant side, with the racket swinging across your body. Players usually use the forehand during rallies from the baseline or when they have enough time to prepare and want to control or attack the ball.

The most common grip for beginners is the Eastern Forehand Grip, as it feels comfortable and allows good control, while more advanced players may use a Semi-Western Grip for added topspin. To perform a solid forehand, beginners should turn their shoulders sideways early, step into the shot, and swing from low to high. Finishing the swing across the body helps generate power and consistency.

Backhand Stroke

The tennis backhand can be executed with one hand or two. While it may feel less natural at first, it’s crucial for returning shots to your non-dominant side. One-handed backhands offer reach and slice options, while two-handed backhands provide added control and stability.

It is commonly used during rallies when the ball is directed to the opposite side of the forehand. Beginners often start with a two-handed backhand because it provides more stability, control, and confidence, especially when handling fast or high balls.

One-Handed Backhand

The one-handed backhand uses only the dominant hand and is known for its longer reach and smooth, flowing motion. It is often used when players want more variety, such as hitting slices or wide balls. This stroke typically uses an Eastern Backhand Grip. To perform it correctly, beginners should turn their shoulders early, keep the arm straight but relaxed, and make contact with the ball in front of the body. Good balance and proper footwork are essential to maintain control.

Two-Handed Backhand

The two-handed backhand involves both hands on the racket, making it easier to control the shot and generate power. It is especially useful during long rallies or when returning fast shots. The usual grip combines a Continental Grip for the dominant hand and an Eastern Forehand Grip for the non-dominant hand. Beginners should focus on rotating their shoulders, letting the non-dominant hand drive the swing, and finishing the stroke high to maintain topspin and consistency.

Serve

The tennis serve initiates each point and is the only stroke fully controlled by the player. A strong serve can be a powerful weapon. Players can use a flat serve (for speed), a topspin or kick serve (for bounce and control), or a slice serve (to pull the opponent wide).

It is used at the beginning of each point and can be hit with power, spin, or placement depending on the situation. The Continental Grip is the standard grip for serving, as it allows versatility and proper wrist movement. Beginners should focus on developing a smooth and relaxed motion rather than hitting the ball hard. A consistent ball toss slightly in front of the body and good balance throughout the motion are key to improving the serve.

Volley

Tennis volleys are hit before the ball bounces, typically near the net. They require quick reflexes and compact swings. A good volley can quickly end a point. There are forehand and backhand volleys, and they’re often used during aggressive net play.

It is commonly used to finish points or apply pressure after an approach shot. The Continental Grip is typically used for volleys because it allows quick adjustments. Beginners should avoid big swings and instead use a short, controlled punching motion. Keeping the racket head up, bending the knees, and staying light on the feet will help improve control and reaction time at the net.

Overhead Smash

Similar to a serve, the overhead smash is used to return high lobs with power. When your opponent sends a defensive lob, a well-timed overhead can end the point in your favor. Timing and positioning are crucial.

It is usually used when an opponent hits a lob that sits high in the air, giving an opportunity to end the point. This shot is performed using the Continental Grip. Beginners should focus on moving quickly into position, tracking the ball with their eyes, and hitting it at full extension. Pointing at the ball with the non-racket hand can help improve timing and balance.

Drop Shot

The drop shot is a soft, delicate stroke that lands just over the net. It's used to catch your opponent off guard and force them to run forward. Effective drop shots are usually disguised until the last moment.

It is best used when the opponent is positioned far behind the baseline, making it difficult for them to reach the ball in time. Players typically use a Continental or Eastern Grip for better touch and control. Beginners should focus on using a gentle swing with relaxed hands and disguising the shot so it looks like a regular groundstroke until the last moment.

Slice

A tennis slice is a shot with backspin, making the ball stay low after bouncing. It's often used to change pace during rallies or as a defensive tool. Both forehand and backhand slices can keep your opponent guessing.

The most common grip for a slice is the Continental Grip. Beginners should swing from high to low, keep the racket face slightly open, and focus on a smooth, controlled motion rather than speed.

Topspin Shot

A topspin shot is created by brushing up the back of the ball, causing it to spin forward and dip quickly into the court. This type of shot is widely used during baseline rallies because it allows players to hit with power while maintaining control. The Semi-Western Grip is commonly used to generate topspin. Beginners should focus on swinging low to high, accelerating the racket smoothly, and allowing the spin to bring the ball safely over the net.

Lob Shot

The tennis lob is a high-arcing shot, used to pass over a net-rushing opponent. Lobs can be offensive (with topspin) or defensive (more floaty), giving you time to reposition.

Players usually use an Eastern or Continental Grip for this shot. Beginners should aim high rather than hit hard and use a smooth upward swing to give the ball enough height and depth.

Passing Shot

A passing shot is hit when an opponent is at the net, with the goal of sending the ball past them before they can react. It is often used when the opponent rushes forward after an approach shot. The grip used depends on whether the shot is hit as a forehand or backhand. Beginners should aim cross-court for a safer angle, stay balanced, and use controlled power rather than forcing the shot.

Phases of Hitting in Tennis

To master these strokes, understanding the hitting phases is essential. Each stroke consists of a series of biomechanical movements designed to maximize efficiency and power. Here are the main phases:

1. Preparation Phase

This phase begins as the player anticipates the ball and starts their backswing. Footwork is crucial here, helping to position the body correctly. A solid ready stance and racquet preparation set the foundation for a good shot.

2. Acceleration Phase

In this phase, the body transfers energy to the shot. The racket moves from the backswing into the forward swing. Torso rotation, weight transfer, and coordinated movement of the arms and legs contribute to stroke power.

3. Impact Phase

This is the moment of contact between the ball and the racket. Timing and technique determine how well the ball is struck. The racket face should be correctly angled depending on the type of shot, whether flat, topspin, or slice.

4. Follow-Through Phase

The stroke doesn’t end at contact. A proper follow-through helps with balance, recovery, and shot accuracy. It also reduces the risk of injury and helps reset your position for the next ball.

Have You Mastered These 10 Tennis Strokes?

Mastering tennis strokes like the forehand, backhand, volley, and more takes practice, guidance, and the right environment and that’s exactly what you’ll find at the tennis program from the best Sport & Performing Arts Academy. 

If you're just starting or aiming to sharpen your skills for tennis competition, our tennis program is designed to help every player grow with expert coaches and exciting match opportunities. Even to the level of competitions held every year to test the players' abilities and mental strength. 

As part of their curriculum, tennis students will also compete in the RockOlympics, giving them the opportunity to put their training into action in an exciting tournament atmosphere. 

For those seeking more personalized guidance, we offer Private Instructions—one-on-one classes customized to each student’s strengths, challenges, and goals, helping them advance their game faster and with greater precision.

If you’re curious to see what Rockstar can offer, we invite you to try a free trial class not just for tennis, but for every class available. Discover your passion, challenge yourself, and start your journey with Rockstar today!

FAQ

What is the most important stroke in tennis? 

The forehand is often considered the most important stroke due to its power and frequency of use, but all strokes play a vital role in a complete tennis game.

How can I improve my backhand? 

Practice proper grip, focus on footwork, and start with two-handed backhands for better stability. Use drills that isolate backhand technique to build confidence.

Why is topspin so important? 

Topspin helps keep the ball in play, allows for aggressive angles, and gives you higher net clearance while maintaining control.

What’s the difference between a slice and a topspin shot? 

A slice uses backspin, making the ball float and stay low. A topspin shot uses forward spin, causing the ball to dip and bounce higher.

Is it necessary to learn all 10 strokes? 

While not every beginner needs to master all at once, learning a wide variety of strokes adds versatility and strategy to your game. As you progress, having a full toolkit helps you adapt to different opponents and styles.